THOMAS JEFFERSON HIGH SCHOOL

RESEARCH MANUAL

Rev. 9/02

Manual

I. FINDING INFORMATION

A. Card Catalog

l. Look up your subject.

2. Look up other subjects which relate to yours. (EXAMPLES: If your topic is CHILD ABUSE, look up the following:

3. Child Abuse, Family Life, Violence, Social Psychology,

4. Child Welfare, Child Development.

B. Power Library

A. Online program

B. Contains numerous databases

C. Contains both full text and annotated magazines

D. Contains maps, pictures, and illustrations

Click on Power Library icon

C. Galenet

A. Database on computer

B. Contains magazine, newspapers, etc. online.

C. Keyword search

D. The Shelf

l. Remember that not every book which could contain information about your subject will be found in the card catalog.

2. Go to the shelf and look at all the books with similar Dewey numbers that you found in the card catalog.

3. Look in the 920's if your topic involves a person.

E. Specialized Reference Works to Consider

1. REF

8l0.9 American Writers

AME

2. REF

820.9 British Writers

BRI

3. REF

028.l Beacham’s Guide to Literature for Young Adults - BEA Writers whose works appeal to young adults

4. REF

909 Lands and Peoples - Contains information about LAN different countries.

5. REF

920.03 Current Biography - Contains important people

CUR from l940 to present.

6. REF

506 The New Book of Popular Science - Contains basic

NEW information on scientific topics

7. ON LINE Magill-on-line - Masterplots included

8. REF

330.9 Encyclopedia of American Economics History

ENC

Additional material is added around this base.

4. Write the bibliography based on the kind of source, not

the host, i.e. an encyclopedia on CD is still an encyclopedia.

5. Use Arabic numbers unless Roman numerals appear in the materials.

6. For the place of publication, use the city or the city and state if the city is not a major one.

7. Eliminate these words: books, associate, the, company, publishing, publishers, limited, incorporated, corporation, press.

8. For University Press use UP without punctuation

I.e., University of Pittsburgh Press do as Pittsburgh UP with no periods.

9. Use the most recent copyright date.

10. If no author is given, use title of article or

chapter in the author position.

11. If author has a title after their name.

Example - Henry, Adam C., Jr.

12. If two authors do as follows:

Example - Finley, Joseph, and Glenn Campbell

13. If three or more authors, do as follows:

Example - Davis, Fred, et al.

14. If two editors do as follows:

Eds. Marlene Hodge and Cynthia Travis

15. If three or more editors, do as follows:

Eds. Keith Maxfield, et al.

16. For the edition of a book use the following:

Rev. ed.; 2nd ed.; 4th ed.; etc.

17. If book is Supplement or Part do as follows:

Supp I. Pt II.

18. If an author’s name for an article is given in a book,

you need to include it in the bibliography.

19. Feel free to annotate (make notes) at the bottom of a

card as to the type of material available in a given

source, page number or number of entrees in working bib.

20. If title page does not give necessary information, use

the following abbreviations:

n.c. - no city of publication

n.p. - no publisher

n.d. - no date

n.page - no pages

21. When title of book is also with another book title do not

underline. See example No. 3.

B. Writing the bibliography cards (3" by 5")

General (Books)

BOOKS WITH AUTHOR

All books may contain the following information. Pick those that match your source, eliminate those that do not.

Author (last name first). Title of book. Edition.

Volume. Series. City of publication: Publisher, copyright date.

8l3.54 Baker, James T. Ayn Rand. Twayne’s United States

BAK Authors Series. Boston: Twayne, 1987.

BOOKS WITH AUTHORS WRITING ARTICLES OR CHAPTERS

All of these types may contain the following information, use that which is there, eliminate those that are not.

Author of article. "Title of article." Book Title. Editor of book. Edition. Volume. Series. Place of publication: Publisher, copyright date. pages.

REF 2

820.9 Sandison, A. G. “Rudyard Kipling (l865-l936).”

BRI British Writers. Ed. Ian Scott-Kilvert.

TJ Vol. VI. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons,

1983. 165-206.

BOOK TITLE IN TITLE OF BOOK

All these books are done according to whether there is an author or editor. The key is not to double underline a book title

823.914 Olsen, Kristin. Understanding Lord of the Flies. The

OLS Greenwood Press "Literature in Context " Series.

TJ Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000.

MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS (Most pamphlets at TJ are magazines)

THIS ALSO INCLUDES THOSE MAGAZINES ON GALENET.

All magazines may contain the following information, use that which is there, eliminate those which are not.

Author of article. "Title of article." Title of magazine. Date of magazine (day month year): pages.

PA McMullen, Buch and James R. Kincaid. "Tennyson, Hallam's ll97 Corpse, Milton's Murder, and Poetic Exhibitionism." TJ Nineteenth-Century Literature. September l990: l76-205.

AUDIO VISUAL

All audio-visual material may contain the following information, use that which is there, eliminate those which are not.

Author. Title of Material. Editor. Part number. (If using all, list number) Series. Place of publication: Publisher, copyright date.

KT Deegan, Carol. Tax Revolt and Reform. Ed. Sally Parris. 668 2 parts. Tarrytown, NY: Prentice-Hall Media, l979.

MICROFICHE (FOR THOSE THAT ARE NOT MAGAZINES)

All microfiche may contain the following information, use those which are there; eliminate those which are not:

Author. "Title of microfiche." Series, Series number. Place of publication: Publisher, copyright date.

6 MF "Corporate Antitrust." Great Supreme Court Decisions, 7. 334 n.p.: New York Times, n.d.

ELECTRONIC SOURCES (INTERNET, ETC.)

This library form is not to be used with the library computer

programs, (ie Scribner’s Writer Series, Encarta, Dictionary of America

Biography, etc.)

Author’s last name, First Middle. “Title of Work.” Title of

complete works. Protocol and address. Server. Date of

visit.(Day Month Year) pages.

Com “Sandra Ferguson.” http://nbc.com/tv central/daytime

TJ central /Another World/ new__ferguson.html. TJ01.

25 June 1999. 1-2.

III DOCUMENTATION

A. General Instructions

l. In most cases, documentation will be given with an author on a page in parentheses (Spiller 47).

2. It is necessary to give credit to direct quotations and paraphrasing of material from secondary sources. For Example: Statistics, opinions, or interpretations by critics. Material which is not generally agreed upon by

the experts should be credited, but do not document generally known or accepted information such as author background, plot, historical fact or material all critics agree upon. Information needed on plot should be paraphrased (your words) and not documented.

3. Do not document what everyone would know after reading a primary source or other obvious material about your topic.

4. Do not use quotations back to back (stringing) in your paper; they should be separated by your comments and/or transitions.

5. Some quotations may be self-explanatory and do not need

an evaluation; in fact, a secondary quotation may serve

an evaluation. Your judgment will be tested in these

areas.

B. Documentation Forms

l. Book or source with one author/editor:

In most cases, an author's last name and a page

reference in parentheses will be all that you need

to document an idea or a quotation. Leave a space

after the quoted material or after your words and then

give the parenthetical material. Follow this with the

end mark from the quotation or your own end mark.

literature" (Spiller l08).

literature (Spiller l08).

2. Book with two authors or editors:

(Wood and Daiches 79)

3. Book by an institution:

(Special Libraries Association 8l) An appropriate

abbreviation may be used such as Sp. Libraries.

4. Book with an introduction:

(Auden x)

5. Book/article with no author:

(Literary Market Place 7) An appropriate

abbreviation may be used such as Market Place.

6. Article without an author:

("Desperate Weakling" l08)

7. More than one volume used by an author:

(Frye, 2: 234)

8. More than one word by an author:

(Frye, Archetypes: ll0) Title has been abbreviated.

9. More than one author with the same last name:

(N.C. Frye 42) Note: N.C. are the author’s initials

10. Microfiche source:

("Sherwood Anderson" fr. 2) fr = frame

ll. Information which starts on one page and continues for

more than two pages:

(Miller 45, passim.)

12. Author's name in text:

(Hawthorne writes of this negative attitude (47).

Robertson analyses a direct connection between the

two main characters (2: 4ll).

IV. BIBLIOGRAPHY OR WORKS CITED PAGE

A. General Directions.

l. The bibliography or works cited must be on a separate

page(s). The page(s) must be numbered. The biblio-

graphy will follow the last page of your paper.

2. Alphabetize bibliographical entries by merely alpha-

betizing bib cards which were used in your paper,

i.e., list only those books from which there is

documentation. Use the first significant word which is

usually the author's last name, but could be a title.

Be sure to include primary sources.

3. At last one citation in the research paper is required

from any source listed in the final bibliography.

4. Note spacing on sample bibliography page. If typing,

single space all entries and double space between

bibliographical entries. If writing, skip a space

after the word Bibliography or Works Cited and

between each entry. Indent one-half inch for all

lines after the first.

5. Do not repeat an author's name after its first

appearance. Instead, substitute a line of three

hyphens for the name in the second and any following

entries. Alphabetize the words of one author by

titles. See sample bibliography page.

6. Use abbreviations as they appear in the research

materials.

Works Cited

Baker, James T. Ayn Rand. Twayne's United States Author Series.

Boston: Twayne, l987.

___________. The United States in the Twenties. New York: St.

Martins, 1978.

"Corporate Antitrust." Great Supreme Court Decisions, 7. n.p.:

New York Times, n.d.

Deegan, Carol. Tax Revolt and Reform. Ed. Sally Parris. 2 parts,

Tarrytown, NY: Prentice-Hall Media, l979.

McMullen, Buch, and James R. Kincaid. “Tennyson, Hallam’s Corpse,

Milton’s Murder, and Poetic Exhibitionism.” Nineteenth-Century

Literature. September l990: l76-205.

Olsen, Kristin. Understanding Lord of the Flies. The Greenwood Press

"Literature in Context" Series. Westport, CT:

Greenwood, 2000.

Sandison, A. G. “Rudyard Kipling (l865-l936).” British Writers.

Ed. Ian Scott-Kilvert. Vol. VI. New York: Charles Scribner’s

Sons, l983. 165-206.

“Sandra Ferguson.” http://nbc.com/tv central/daytime central/another

world/ new___ferguson.html. TJ01. 25 June 1999. 1-2.

Bibliographic Information needed for CD Program

MASTERPLOTS

Title Masterplots Complete CD Rom

Publisher Salem Press

Place Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey

SCRIBNERS WRITERS

Title The Scribners Writers Series on CD Rom

Publisher Charles Scribners’ Sons

Place No city given

U.X.L. BIOGRAPHIES

Title U.X.L. Biographies

Publisher U.X.L.

Place Detroit, Michigan

ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA

Title Microsoft Encarta 99 Encyclopedia

Publisher Microsoft Corporation

Place No city given

DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY

Title Dictionary of American Biography

Publisher Charles Scribners’ Sons

Place New York